# pepSmart > Mobile-first peptide and GLP-1 companion at https://pepsmart.net. Calculators, > protocol education, source-posture summaries, in-depth research > articles, and tracking tools. For research and educational purposes > only. Not medical advice. pepSmart does not diagnose, treat, cure, > prevent disease, prescribe compounds, or replace clinician guidance. ## Top-level navigation - [Home](https://pepsmart.net/): mobile-first daily companion. - [Calculator](https://pepsmart.net/calculator): peptide reconstitution and GLP-1 dose calculators. - [Library](https://pepsmart.net/library): public A-Z compound reference index. - [Articles](https://pepsmart.net/articles): in-depth educational research articles. - [Forum](https://pepsmart.net/forum): moderated peptide and GLP-1 community forum. Free-tier categories (general, glp1, protocols, recovery, off_topic) are anonymous-readable; paid-tier categories require a one-time $0.99 unlock or pepSmart Pro plus a verified-email account to post. - [About](https://pepsmart.net/about): mission, sourcing standards, editorial cadence, AI policy, correction process, and operator transparency for pepsmart.net. - [Tools](https://pepsmart.net/tools): public overviews of the pepSmart Pro tools (PK simulator, body-recomp simulator, protocol builder, plateau analyzer, dose-timing shifter, GLP-1 taper planner, injection-site rotation). - [Pro](https://pepsmart.net/pro): Pro tools overview. ## Articles by category 8 categories total; 35 articles total. ### Peptides (6) - [The peptide and gut-barrier axis: enteric coatings, KPV, larazotide, and what oral peptides actually do in the small intestine](https://pepsmart.net/articles/peptide-and-gut-barrier-axis): Most peptides do not survive the stomach. The ones that do still have to cross the gut barrier, the brush border, the mucus layer, and the tight-junction protein lattice. The published gut-barrier literature is technical but specific, and it explains why some oral peptides have a real human pharmacology and most do not. - [Peptide bioavailability primer: why route matters more than dose for half of these compounds, and what the published PK literature actually shows](https://pepsmart.net/articles/peptide-bioavailability-and-route): Bioavailability is the percentage of an administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in active form. For peptides, the answer depends mostly on the route. Subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, oral, and buccal each deliver different fractions of the same molecule. Here is the route-by-route picture from approved labels and published PK studies. - [BPC-157, the evidence map: rodent data, human anecdote, and where the gap actually sits](https://pepsmart.net/articles/bpc157-evidence-map): BPC-157 has the rare distinction of being widely used and almost entirely uncharacterized in humans. This piece maps the rodent literature, the absent human trial program, the regulatory posture, the doping rules, and what would actually move the evidence map. - [Peptide storage and stability, the practical, evidence-grounded version](https://pepsmart.net/articles/peptide-storage-and-stability): Reconstitution diluent, light exposure, freeze-thaw cycles, and lyophilized vs. liquid stability windows. The science underneath the practical questions, and what the published stability literature actually shows. This piece covers degradation chemistry, the named GLP-1 in-use windows, the bacteriostatic water question, light and temperature sensitivity, freeze-thaw, the cold-chain reality of compounded products, and how to read a certificate of analysis. - [Injection site rotation, lipohypertrophy, and the skin you cannot see](https://pepsmart.net/articles/injection-site-rotation-and-skin): The under-discussed reason injection site rotation matters: subcutaneous tissue remodels under repeated injection, and the remodeling changes how absorption behaves the next time. This piece covers the lipohypertrophy literature, the FITTER injection-technique consensus, the absorption-variability data, needle length and gauge, the GLP-1 site-specific PK question, and aseptic technique. - [Tesamorelin and visceral fat: what the labeled trial evidence supports, and what it does not](https://pepsmart.net/articles/tesamorelin-visceral-fat): Tesamorelin is one of the few peptides with a clear, narrow FDA label and substantial human trial evidence for visceral fat reduction. The off-label conversation runs much wider than the label. Here's the rundown: discovery, mechanism, the pivotal phase 3 program, the NAFLD signal, the IGF-1 monitoring picture, the Egrifta WR vs Egrifta SV product history, and the doping posture. ### GLP-1 (7) - [GLP-1 cardiovascular outcomes: SELECT, STEP-HFpEF, FLOW, and what changed in 2024](https://pepsmart.net/articles/glp1-cardiovascular-outcomes): GLP-1 receptor agonists started as glycemic drugs and matured into cardio-renal-metabolic drugs. SELECT brought a 20 percent reduction in major cardiovascular events to non-diabetic patients with obesity. STEP-HFpEF showed symptomatic and weight benefit in obesity-driven HFpEF. FLOW reported a 24 percent reduction in major kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes plus chronic kidney disease. This piece walks the trial designs, the effect sizes, the magnitudes left unanswered, and the FDA label changes that followed. - [Tirzepatide for obstructive sleep apnea: what SURMOUNT-OSA actually showed](https://pepsmart.net/articles/glp1-sleep-apnea-surmount-osa): Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep-disordered breathing condition, and obesity is its strongest modifiable risk factor. The SURMOUNT-OSA trials tested whether tirzepatide could meaningfully reduce apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in adults with moderate-to-severe OSA and obesity, both with and without concurrent positive airway pressure therapy. This piece walks the trial design, the magnitude of AHI reduction, the cardiometabolic secondary endpoints, the FDA label change in December 2024, and the open question of how the AHI improvement relates to long-term clinical outcomes. - [Reconstitution math for GLP-1 self-titration: why dose calculators understate the risk that actually matters](https://pepsmart.net/articles/glp1-reconstitution-and-titration-risk): GLP-1 self-titration is described as arithmetic. The arithmetic is the easy part. The dangerous part is the chain of unit conversions, syringe-rounding behavior, and titration-ladder timing that compounds over weeks. Here is the working physiology, the published label arithmetic, and the error modes a calculator does not catch. - [Why GLP-1 weight loss plateaus, and what the trials actually show](https://pepsmart.net/articles/glp1-plateau-physiology): GLP-1 agonists rarely produce a smooth, monotonic weight curve. The plateau most users hit is biological, not motivational. This piece covers the receptor and energy-balance story behind it, the named trial nadirs, the adaptive-thermogenesis literature, the dose-response and multi-receptor strategies that delay the bend, and what the published evidence actually supports for breaking past it. - [GLP-1 and muscle loss: lean mass attrition during rapid weight loss, and the levers that actually work](https://pepsmart.net/articles/glp1-and-muscle-loss): Rapid weight loss costs lean mass. GLP-1 therapies are not unique in this, but the speed and the eating pattern they enforce make it visible faster. This piece covers the named DXA substudies (STEP, SURMOUNT, SUSTAIN), the lean-fraction comparison versus surgical and dietary loss, the protein-and-resistance-training literature, the older-adult sarcopenia question, and the open multi-receptor / amylin question. - [Compounded GLP-1 vs. labeled products: regulatory difference, dosing risk, and what the FDA position actually says](https://pepsmart.net/articles/compounded-glp1-vs-labeled): Compounded semaglutide and tirzepatide are not generic versions of the labeled products. They occupy a regulatory gap that the FDA has flagged repeatedly. This piece covers the 503A vs 503B framework, the FDA shortage history, the salt-form question, the dosing-error pattern with named alerts, the post-shortage enforcement turn, and what carries over from the trial data versus what does not. - [Tirzepatide vs. semaglutide head-to-head: trial differences, dose-response, and what the comparison actually supports](https://pepsmart.net/articles/tirzepatide-vs-semaglutide-head-to-head): Tirzepatide and semaglutide are the two dominant GLP-1-class agents in 2026. The trials are not perfectly comparable, but a head-to-head exists in type 2 diabetes and the obesity programs sit side by side. Here is the deep reference: receptor pharmacology, the full STEP and SURMOUNT programs, the SURPASS diabetes program, the cardiovascular outcomes trials, the boxed warnings, and the compounded vs labeled distinction. ### SARMs (1) - [SARMs and the regulatory reality: research-only labels do not change legal posture](https://pepsmart.net/articles/sarms-regulatory-reality): What FDA enforcement, WADA prohibition, and state-level scheduling actually mean for SARMs in 2026, why the 'research only' label that ships on most products is regulatory cosplay rather than legal cover, and what the published clinical-trial record actually says about MK-2866, LGD-4033, and RAD-140. ### Fitness (6) - [Creatine monohydrate: 30 years of evidence and the cognitive question](https://pepsmart.net/articles/creatine-monohydrate-evidence): Creatine monohydrate is among the most extensively studied sports-nutrition supplements, with the 2017 ISSN position stand summarizing its evidence base. Decades of randomized trials and meta-analyses converge on a small-to-moderate strength and lean-mass benefit at 3 to 5 grams per day, with a clean safety profile in healthy adults. The cognitive literature is newer, more heterogeneous, and emerging from sleep-deprivation and aging cohorts. This piece walks the position-stand evidence, the strength and hypertrophy meta-analyses, the cognitive trials, the kidney-and-hair safety questions, and the practical dosing protocols. - [Zone 2 training: mitochondrial efficiency, the lactate threshold, and what the literature actually supports](https://pepsmart.net/articles/zone-2-training-evidence): Zone 2 has become a popular endurance prescription, advertised as the workout that drives mitochondrial density, improves fat oxidation, and protects metabolic health. The underlying physiology (lactate kinetics, mitochondrial biogenesis, polarized training distribution) is well-grounded. The popular dosing prescriptions are looser than the literature would support. This piece walks the lactate threshold framework, the polarized-training trial record, the mitochondrial biology, and what the field does and does not yet know about specific dose-response. - [Time-restricted eating: TREAT, TIME, and the calorie-deficit confound](https://pepsmart.net/articles/time-restricted-eating-evidence): Time-restricted eating (a form of intermittent fasting that limits the daily eating window without an explicit calorie target) has been one of the most popular nutritional interventions of the last decade. The trial record is more deflating than the popular discussion suggests. TREAT (Lowe 2020) and the TIME trial (Liu 2022 NEJM) both showed that time-restricted eating did not produce greater weight loss than non-restricted-window controls or daily calorie restriction at matched intake. This piece walks the trial designs, the metabolic-flexibility hypothesis, the practical subgroup where TRE may help, and what the literature actually shows. - [Body recomposition vs. weight loss: why DXA tells a different story than the bathroom scale, and what trial endpoints actually measure](https://pepsmart.net/articles/body-recomposition-vs-weight-loss): The scale tracks total mass. DXA tracks fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral content separately. The trial literature reports both, and the two often disagree about whether an intervention is working. Here is what each measurement reflects, where the disagreement comes from, and what the published recomposition literature actually supports. - [Protein, leucine, and hypertrophy: what the per-meal threshold literature actually says](https://pepsmart.net/articles/protein-leucine-and-hypertrophy): The popular framing of protein and muscle-protein synthesis sits on a real research base, but the practical recommendations are often stronger than the underlying evidence supports. This piece covers the named tracer studies (Moore, Witard, Macnaughton), the leucine threshold per meal, anabolic resistance with age, the bolus-vs-frequency randomized data, total-daily-protein meta-analyses, and the GLP-1-deficit application. - [Mitochondrial density and training: zone 2, biopsy data, and the nuance the popular framing skips](https://pepsmart.net/articles/mitochondrial-density-training): The popular framing collapses mitochondrial adaptation to one zone. The biopsy and stable-isotope literature is older, denser, and more nuanced than the podcast version. This piece covers the Holloszy classical biopsy work, the PGC-1α signaling pathway, the polarization vs threshold vs zone-2 trial debate, the head-to-head HIIT vs MICT data, the mitochondrial-targeted compound landscape, and where the disagreement actually sits. ### Recovery (4) - [Heart rate variability: what the literature supports and where it overpromises](https://pepsmart.net/articles/heart-rate-variability-evidence): Heart rate variability (HRV) has become a staple of consumer wearables, marketed as a quantitative readout of recovery, stress, and overall fitness. The underlying autonomic-cardiac physiology is real, the elite-endurance training literature has a careful track record using HRV-guided dosing, and prognostic data tie low resting HRV to cardiovascular mortality. The consumer marketing extends well beyond what the trial record supports. This piece walks the time-domain and frequency-domain metrics, the trial evidence for HRV-guided training, the prognostic literature, the wrist-versus-chest measurement issue, and what HRV in a consumer wearable can and cannot reliably tell you. - [Magnesium supplementation: where the RCT evidence actually is, claim by claim](https://pepsmart.net/articles/magnesium-supplementation-evidence): Magnesium is a routinely deficient mineral in modern Western diets, an essential cofactor in over 300 enzyme reactions, and a popular supplement marketed for sleep, cramps, anxiety, and cardiometabolic health. The trial record is mixed and claim-specific. Some uses (severe deficiency, eclampsia, certain arrhythmia contexts) are well-established; others (sleep onset, leg cramps, generalized anxiety) rest on small or low-quality trials. This piece walks the dietary intake gap, the form-specific bioavailability differences, the published RCT evidence claim by claim, and the safety profile. - [Cold exposure and recovery: what the controlled-trial data actually show, and the hypertrophy interaction](https://pepsmart.net/articles/cold-exposure-and-recovery): Cold-water immersion has a long sports-medicine history and a more recent wellness profile. The trial data are not nothing, but they are also not what the popular framing suggests. This piece covers the named DOMS trials, the hypertrophy-blunting Roberts 2015 mechanism work, the catecholamine response, brown adipose tissue activation, the cold-shower vs full-immersion gap, the Bleakley 2012 meta-analysis, and the cardiovascular contraindications. - [Sauna and cardiovascular outcomes: cohort signals, heat-shock biology, and what the trial evidence does and does not show](https://pepsmart.net/articles/sauna-and-cardiovascular-outcomes): The Finnish KIHD cohort produced the headline sauna numbers. The randomized work fills in some of the picture but cannot answer the causal question by itself. This piece covers the named KIHD findings (Laukkanen 2015 mortality, 2017 dementia, 2018 hypertension), the acute hemodynamics, the heat-shock biology, the comparison to exercise, and the clinical contraindications. ### Sleep (2) - [Sleep architecture and recovery: slow-wave sleep, GH pulses, and what actually moves recovery markers](https://pepsmart.net/articles/sleep-architecture-and-recovery): The interesting biology of recovery happens during a specific phase of sleep, not across the night uniformly. This piece covers the polysomnographic stages, the slow-wave-sleep / growth-hormone coupling, the named studies that established it (Van Cauter, Born), the within-night architecture changes from alcohol, caffeine, and exercise, the wearable-vs-PSG accuracy gap, and what supplements and peptides actually move (and do not move). - [Wearable sleep tracking vs. polysomnography: how accurate stage detection actually is, and what your sleep score really measures](https://pepsmart.net/articles/wearable-sleep-tracking-accuracy): Wrist wearables show you a sleep architecture chart that looks a lot like polysomnography. The validation literature is more sober: total sleep time is decent, stage detection is rough, and the score on the screen is a blended construct, not a clinical measurement. This piece covers the named validation studies (Chinoy 2021, de Zambotti 2019), what wearables actually sense, the AASM scoring standard, the Apple Watch / Whoop / Oura / Fitbit head-to-head data, the sleep-score blackbox question, and the home sleep apnea testing alternative. ### Longevity (6) - [Omega-3 and cardiovascular outcomes: REDUCE-IT, STRENGTH, VITAL, and the EPA-versus-mixture question](https://pepsmart.net/articles/omega3-cardiovascular-evidence): Omega-3 supplementation has more conflicting trial data than almost any other widely sold supplement. REDUCE-IT showed a 25 percent relative risk reduction in major cardiovascular events with high-dose icosapent ethyl in statin-treated patients with elevated triglycerides. STRENGTH was neutral with a different EPA plus DHA carboxylic acid formulation. VITAL was neutral on primary cardiovascular outcomes with low-dose marine n-3 in a primary-prevention population. This piece walks the trial designs, the formulation differences, the placebo controversy, and what current clinical guidance actually says. - [Vitamin D supplementation: VITAL, fractures, and the deficiency-versus-supplementation distinction](https://pepsmart.net/articles/vitamin-d-vital-trial): Vitamin D supplementation has been one of the most-purchased and most-debated supplements of the last 20 years. The VITAL trial (25,871 adults, 5+ years follow-up) is now the largest RCT of vitamin D supplementation in generally healthy adults and was negative on its primary cardiovascular and cancer endpoints. The companion fracture analysis (LeBoff 2022) was negative on total, nonvertebral, and hip fractures. This piece walks the difference between treating documented deficiency and routine supplementation in replete adults, the autoimmune disease finding, and what the trial cannot rule out. - [VO2max as a longevity marker: what the cohort data actually say, and what they do not](https://pepsmart.net/articles/vo2max-as-a-longevity-marker): VO2max correlates with all-cause mortality across large cohorts. That correlation is real, durable, and replicable, but it is not the same as a causal claim. This piece covers the named cohort findings (Mandsager 2018, Imboden 2019, Strasser 2018), the dose-response shape, the absolute VO2max numbers by age and sex, what training actually moves it, and where pharmacology has and has not been validated. - [NAD precursors, evidence snapshot: NMN, NR, niacin, and what human trials measured](https://pepsmart.net/articles/nad-precursors-evidence-snapshot): NAD biology is fascinating. The supplement implications are murkier than the popular framing. Here's the rundown: NAD biology and decline, the NMN vs NR biosynthesis difference, the human PK literature for both compounds, the FDA NDI dispute around NMN, the surrogate-endpoint trials that exist, and the long-term outcome trials that do not. - [Senolytics in early human trials: what dasatinib plus quercetin and fisetin actually showed, and the senescence-marker problem](https://pepsmart.net/articles/senolytics-early-human-trials): Senolytic biology is genuinely exciting in animal models. The early human trials are smaller, narrower, and more cautious than the popular framing. This piece covers cellular-senescence biology, the dasatinib + quercetin (D+Q) Mayo Clinic pilot program, the Hickson IPF trial, the Justice diabetic kidney trial, the failed UBX0101 osteoarthritis program, the fisetin trials, the Sprycel (dasatinib) safety profile, and the open senescence-quantification problem. - [Rapamycin and the off-label longevity conversation: mTOR biology, the human pilots, and the dose question](https://pepsmart.net/articles/rapamycin-off-label-longevity): Rapamycin (sirolimus) is the most-discussed off-label longevity intervention in 2026. The animal evidence is robust, the human evidence is small and mostly surrogate, and the dose-and-schedule question is unresolved. This piece covers the discovery story, mTOR mechanism, the labeled indications, the ITP mouse-lifespan results, the Mannick immune-aging trials, the PEARL pilot, the off-label-prescriber landscape, and the safety surveillance gap. ### Research Gaps (3) - [Continuous glucose monitors in non-diabetic users: signal versus noise](https://pepsmart.net/articles/cgm-non-diabetic-signal-vs-noise): The FDA cleared the first over-the-counter continuous glucose monitors for non-diabetic and non-insulin-using adults in 2024 (Dexcom Stelo, Abbott Lingo, Abbott Libre Rio). The marketing has rapidly outpaced the evidence base. CGMs reliably show postprandial glucose excursions and intra-individual variability, but in non-diabetic adults the trial-level data on whether CGM-driven dietary changes improve hard outcomes is thin. This piece walks the device technology, the FDA clearances, the published RCT and observational evidence, the inter-individual variability problem, and what a CGM in a non-diabetic user can and cannot reliably tell you. - [Reading published evidence without the medical degree: tiers, p-values, effect sizes, and how to spot a thin study](https://pepsmart.net/articles/reading-evidence-without-the-degree): Most peptide and GLP-1 discussions cite published research without engaging the actual mechanics of how that research is built. The mechanics are not arcane. Here is the working evidence pyramid, what p-values do and do not say, why effect size beats statistical significance, and the diagnostic questions that separate a load-bearing study from a thin one. - [Women and peptide research gaps: trial representation, dose interpretation, and where the gap is closing](https://pepsmart.net/articles/women-and-peptide-research-gaps): Most of the early GLP-1 and peptide pharmacology was characterized in male-skewed cohorts. The downstream consequence is that dose interpretation in women rests on smaller samples than the labeled doses suggest. This piece covers the 1993 NIH Revitalization Act, the FDA pregnancy and lactation labeling rule, the named GLP-1 sex-stratified subgroup data, the older-research-peptide / SARM evidence gap, the menopausal-status question, and where coverage is still uneven. ## Compound reference by category 176 compounds total across 18 categories. ### Bone (6) - [Abaloparatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/abaloparatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Tymlos). - [Calcitonin (salmon)](https://pepsmart.net/library/calcitonin-salmon): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Etelcalcetide](https://pepsmart.net/library/etelcalcetide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Parsabiv). - [S-101479](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-101479): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-101479 drug label. - [S-40503](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-40503): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-40503 drug label. - [Teriparatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/teriparatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Forteo). ### Cognitive (27) - [Alpha-GPC](https://pepsmart.net/library/alpha-gpc): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved alpha-GPC drug label in the US. - [Aniracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/aniracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved aniracetam drug label. - [Bacopa monnieri](https://pepsmart.net/library/bacopa-monnieri): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Bacopa drug label. - [CDP-Choline](https://pepsmart.net/library/cdp-choline): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved citicoline drug label in the US. - [Cerebrolysin](https://pepsmart.net/library/cerebrolysin): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Cerebrolysin drug label. - [Coluracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/coluracetam): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved coluracetam drug label. - [Cortexin](https://pepsmart.net/library/cortexin): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Cortexin drug label. - [Davunetide](https://pepsmart.net/library/davunetide): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved davunetide drug label. - [Dihexa](https://pepsmart.net/library/dihexa): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Dihexa drug label. - [Fasoracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/fasoracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved fasoracetam drug label. - [FGL](https://pepsmart.net/library/fgl): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved FGL drug label. - [Huperzine A](https://pepsmart.net/library/huperzine-a): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved huperzine A drug label. - [Lion's mane](https://pepsmart.net/library/lions-mane): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved lion's mane drug label. - [N-Acetyl Selank Amidate](https://pepsmart.net/library/n-acetyl-selank-amidate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved N-acetyl Selank amidate drug label. - [N-Acetyl Semax Amidate](https://pepsmart.net/library/n-acetyl-semax-amidate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved N-acetyl Semax amidate drug label. - [Nefiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/nefiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved nefiracetam drug label. - [Noopept](https://pepsmart.net/library/noopept): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved noopept drug label. - [Oxiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved oxiracetam drug label. - [P021](https://pepsmart.net/library/p021): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved P021 drug label. - [Phenylpiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/phenylpiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved phenylpiracetam drug label. - [Pinealon](https://pepsmart.net/library/pinealon): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Pinealon drug label. - [Piracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/piracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved piracetam drug label in the US. - [Pramiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/pramiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved pramiracetam drug label. - [Selank](https://pepsmart.net/library/selank): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Selank drug label. - [Selegiline](https://pepsmart.net/library/selegiline): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Semax](https://pepsmart.net/library/semax): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Semax drug label. - [Vinpocetine](https://pepsmart.net/library/vinpocetine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved vinpocetine drug label in the US. ### Fat Loss (28) - [5-amino-1MQ](https://pepsmart.net/library/5-amino-1mq): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved 5-amino-1MQ drug label. - [Adipotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/adipotide): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Adipotide drug label. - [Anamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/anamorelin): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational in the United States. - [AOD-9604](https://pepsmart.net/library/aod-9604): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved AOD-9604 drug label. - [Cagrilintide](https://pepsmart.net/library/cagrilintide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [CagriSema](https://pepsmart.net/library/cagrisema): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational fixed-dose cagrilintide/semaglutide combination. - [Cotadutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/cotadutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Dulaglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/dulaglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved dulaglutide label reference exists for Trulicity once-weekly subcutaneous use in adults with type 2 diabetes. - [Efinopegdutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/efinopegdutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Exenatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/exenatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved exenatide label references exist for Byetta (twice-daily, first approved 2005) and Bydureon BCise (once-weekly extended-release). - [GW-501516](https://pepsmart.net/library/gw-501516): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GW-501516 drug label. - [Liraglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/liraglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved liraglutide label references exist for branded products; this entry uses Saxenda obesity-management label context. - [Lixisenatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/lixisenatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Adlyxin). - [Mazdutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/mazdutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Orforglipron](https://pepsmart.net/library/orforglipron): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Oxyntomodulin](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxyntomodulin): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved oxyntomodulin drug label. - [Pemvidutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/pemvidutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [PYY3-36](https://pepsmart.net/library/pyy-3-36): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved PYY3-36 drug label. - [Retatrutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/retatrutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [S-4](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-4): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-4 drug label. - [Semaglutide (compounded)](https://pepsmart.net/library/semaglutide-compounded): human evidence; approved label reference; Compounded semaglutide is not FDA-approved. - [Setmelanotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/setmelanotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Imcivree). - [SLU-PP-332](https://pepsmart.net/library/slu-pp-332): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SLU-PP-332 drug label. - [SR9009](https://pepsmart.net/library/sr9009): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SR9009 drug label. - [Survodutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/survodutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Tesamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/tesamorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved label reference exists for Egrifta WR to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy; it is not indicated for weight-loss management. - [Tesofensine](https://pepsmart.net/library/tesofensine): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Tirzepatide (compounded)](https://pepsmart.net/library/tirzepatide-compounded): human evidence; approved label reference; Compounded tirzepatide is not FDA-approved. ### GH Release (15) - [Anamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/anamorelin): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational in the United States. - [CJC-1295](https://pepsmart.net/library/cjc-1295): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved CJC-1295 drug label. - [GHRH 1-44](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghrh-1-44): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GHRH 1-44 drug label currently on the US market. - [GHRP-1](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghrp-1): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GHRP-1 drug label. - [GHRP-2](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghrp-2): human evidence; research reference; GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) is approved in Japan only as a diagnostic agent for GH deficiency. - [GHRP-6](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghrp-6): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GHRP-6 drug label. - [Hexarelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/hexarelin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Hexarelin drug label. - [Ipamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/ipamorelin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ipamorelin drug label. - [Lonapegsomatropin](https://pepsmart.net/library/lonapegsomatropin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Skytrofa). - [Macimorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/macimorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Macrilen). - [MK-677](https://pepsmart.net/library/mk-677): human evidence; research reference; Investigational non-peptide ghrelin-receptor agonist. - [Sermorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/sermorelin): human evidence; research reference; Sermorelin acetate was FDA-approved as Geref (pediatric idiopathic GH deficiency) and Geref Diagnostic (GH provocative testing), and the last sermorelin product was discontinued from the US market around 2008. - [Somapacitan](https://pepsmart.net/library/somapacitan): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Sogroya). - [Somatropin](https://pepsmart.net/library/somatropin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin, Saizen, Omnitrope, and similar). - [Tesamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/tesamorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved label reference exists for Egrifta WR to reduce excess abdominal fat in HIV-infected adults with lipodystrophy; it is not indicated for weight-loss management. ### GI (3) - [Linaclotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/linaclotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Linzess). - [Plecanatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/plecanatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Trulance). - [Teduglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/teduglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Gattex; Revestive in some markets). ### GLP-1 (15) - [CagriSema](https://pepsmart.net/library/cagrisema): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational fixed-dose cagrilintide/semaglutide combination. - [Cotadutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/cotadutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Dulaglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/dulaglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved dulaglutide label reference exists for Trulicity once-weekly subcutaneous use in adults with type 2 diabetes. - [Efinopegdutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/efinopegdutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Exenatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/exenatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved exenatide label references exist for Byetta (twice-daily, first approved 2005) and Bydureon BCise (once-weekly extended-release). - [Liraglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/liraglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved liraglutide label references exist for branded products; this entry uses Saxenda obesity-management label context. - [Lixisenatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/lixisenatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Adlyxin). - [Mazdutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/mazdutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Orforglipron](https://pepsmart.net/library/orforglipron): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Oxyntomodulin](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxyntomodulin): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved oxyntomodulin drug label. - [Pemvidutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/pemvidutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Retatrutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/retatrutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Semaglutide (compounded)](https://pepsmart.net/library/semaglutide-compounded): human evidence; approved label reference; Compounded semaglutide is not FDA-approved. - [Survodutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/survodutide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Tirzepatide (compounded)](https://pepsmart.net/library/tirzepatide-compounded): human evidence; approved label reference; Compounded tirzepatide is not FDA-approved. ### Growth Factor (4) - [IGF-1 DES](https://pepsmart.net/library/igf-1-des): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved IGF-1 DES drug label. - [IGF-1 LR3](https://pepsmart.net/library/igf-1-lr3): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved IGF-1 LR3 drug label. - [Mecasermin](https://pepsmart.net/library/mecasermin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Increlex). - [PEG-MGF](https://pepsmart.net/library/peg-mgf): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PEG-MGF drug label. ### Hormonal (40) - [Abaloparatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/abaloparatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Tymlos). - [Afamelanotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/afamelanotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Scenesse). - [Calcitonin (salmon)](https://pepsmart.net/library/calcitonin-salmon): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Cetrorelix](https://pepsmart.net/library/cetrorelix): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Cetrotide). - [Cosyntropin](https://pepsmart.net/library/cosyntropin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Cortrosyn). - [Degarelix](https://pepsmart.net/library/degarelix): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Firmagon). - [Desmopressin](https://pepsmart.net/library/desmopressin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Etelcalcetide](https://pepsmart.net/library/etelcalcetide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Parsabiv). - [Glucagon](https://pepsmart.net/library/glucagon): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription rescue medication. - [Gonadorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/gonadorelin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved human gonadorelin drug label is attached to this library entry. - [Goserelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/goserelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Zoladex). - [hCG](https://pepsmart.net/library/hcg): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Pregnyl, Novarel). - [Insulin aspart](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-aspart): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Novolog). - [Insulin degludec](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-degludec): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Tresiba). - [Insulin detemir](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-detemir): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Levemir). - [Insulin glargine](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-glargine): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Lantus, Toujeo). - [Insulin glulisine](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-glulisine): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Apidra). - [Insulin lispro](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-lispro): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Humalog). - [Kisspeptin-10](https://pepsmart.net/library/kisspeptin-10): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved kisspeptin-10 drug label. - [Lanreotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/lanreotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Somatuline Depot). - [Leuprolide](https://pepsmart.net/library/leuprolide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Lupron Depot, Eligard). - [Lonapegsomatropin](https://pepsmart.net/library/lonapegsomatropin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Skytrofa). - [Macimorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/macimorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Macrilen). - [Mecasermin](https://pepsmart.net/library/mecasermin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Increlex). - [Nafarelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/nafarelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Synarel). - [Nesiritide](https://pepsmart.net/library/nesiritide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Natrecor). - [Octreotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/octreotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [OPK-88004](https://pepsmart.net/library/opk-88004): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved OPK-88004 drug label. - [Oxytocin](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxytocin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Pitocin). - [Pasireotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/pasireotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Pegvisomant](https://pepsmart.net/library/pegvisomant): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Somavert). - [Pramlintide](https://pepsmart.net/library/pramlintide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Symlin). - [Setmelanotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/setmelanotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Imcivree). - [Somapacitan](https://pepsmart.net/library/somapacitan): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Sogroya). - [Somatropin](https://pepsmart.net/library/somatropin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Genotropin, Humatrope, Norditropin, Saizen, Omnitrope, and similar). - [Teduglutide](https://pepsmart.net/library/teduglutide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Gattex; Revestive in some markets). - [Teriparatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/teriparatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Forteo). - [Triptorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/triptorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Trelstar). - [Vasopressin](https://pepsmart.net/library/vasopressin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Vasostrict). - [Ziconotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/ziconotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Prialt). ### Immune (13) - [ARA-290](https://pepsmart.net/library/ara-290): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ARA-290 / cibinetide drug label. - [Glatiramer acetate](https://pepsmart.net/library/glatiramer-acetate): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Copaxone, Glatopa). - [Icatibant](https://pepsmart.net/library/icatibant): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Firazyr). - [KPV](https://pepsmart.net/library/kpv): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved KPV drug label. - [Larazotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/larazotide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [LL-37](https://pepsmart.net/library/ll-37): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LL-37 drug label. - [Pegcetacoplan](https://pepsmart.net/library/pegcetacoplan): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication shipping as two distinct branded products. - [PNC-27](https://pepsmart.net/library/pnc-27): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PNC-27 drug label. - [PNC-28](https://pepsmart.net/library/pnc-28): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PNC-28 drug label. - [Thymalin](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymalin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Thymalin drug label. - [Thymogen](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymogen): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Thymogen drug label. - [Thymosin Alpha-1](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymosin-alpha-1): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved thymosin alpha-1 drug label in the United States. - [Vilon](https://pepsmart.net/library/vilon): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Vilon drug label. ### Longevity (22) - [ARA-290](https://pepsmart.net/library/ara-290): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ARA-290 / cibinetide drug label. - [Ashwagandha](https://pepsmart.net/library/ashwagandha): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ashwagandha drug label. - [Centrophenoxine](https://pepsmart.net/library/centrophenoxine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved centrophenoxine drug label. - [Cerebrolysin](https://pepsmart.net/library/cerebrolysin): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Cerebrolysin drug label. - [CJC-1295](https://pepsmart.net/library/cjc-1295): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved CJC-1295 drug label. - [Cortexin](https://pepsmart.net/library/cortexin): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Cortexin drug label. - [Elamipretide](https://pepsmart.net/library/elamipretide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Epithalon](https://pepsmart.net/library/epithalon): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Epithalon drug label. - [FOXO4-DRI](https://pepsmart.net/library/foxo4-dri): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved FOXO4-DRI drug label. - [Goralatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/goralatide): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Ac-SDKP / goralatide drug label. - [Humanin](https://pepsmart.net/library/humanin): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved humanin drug label. - [MOTS-c](https://pepsmart.net/library/mots-c): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved MOTS-c drug label. - [NMN](https://pepsmart.net/library/nmn): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NMN drug label. - [NR](https://pepsmart.net/library/nr): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NR drug label. - [P021](https://pepsmart.net/library/p021): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved P021 drug label. - [Pinealon](https://pepsmart.net/library/pinealon): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Pinealon drug label. - [PQQ](https://pepsmart.net/library/pqq): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PQQ drug label. - [Rhodiola rosea](https://pepsmart.net/library/rhodiola-rosea): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Rhodiola drug label. - [SHLP-2](https://pepsmart.net/library/shlp-2): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SHLP-2 drug label. - [Thymalin](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymalin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Thymalin drug label. - [Thymosin Alpha-1](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymosin-alpha-1): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved thymosin alpha-1 drug label in the United States. - [Vilon](https://pepsmart.net/library/vilon): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Vilon drug label. ### Metabolic (23) - [5-amino-1MQ](https://pepsmart.net/library/5-amino-1mq): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved 5-amino-1MQ drug label. - [Apelin-13](https://pepsmart.net/library/apelin-13): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved apelin drug label. - [Cagrilintide](https://pepsmart.net/library/cagrilintide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Elamipretide](https://pepsmart.net/library/elamipretide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [Idebenone](https://pepsmart.net/library/idebenone): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved idebenone drug label. - [Insulin aspart](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-aspart): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Novolog). - [Insulin degludec](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-degludec): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Tresiba). - [Insulin detemir](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-detemir): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Levemir). - [Insulin glargine](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-glargine): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Lantus, Toujeo). - [Insulin glulisine](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-glulisine): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Apidra). - [Insulin lispro](https://pepsmart.net/library/insulin-lispro): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Humalog). - [Lixisenatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/lixisenatide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Adlyxin). - [Methylene blue](https://pepsmart.net/library/methylene-blue): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Provayblue) for acquired methemoglobinemia. - [MOTS-c](https://pepsmart.net/library/mots-c): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved MOTS-c drug label. - [NMN](https://pepsmart.net/library/nmn): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NMN drug label. - [NR](https://pepsmart.net/library/nr): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NR drug label. - [Oxyntomodulin](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxyntomodulin): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved oxyntomodulin drug label. - [Pramlintide](https://pepsmart.net/library/pramlintide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Symlin). - [PYY3-36](https://pepsmart.net/library/pyy-3-36): human evidence; investigational verified; No FDA-approved PYY3-36 drug label. - [Setmelanotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/setmelanotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Imcivree). - [SHLP-2](https://pepsmart.net/library/shlp-2): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SHLP-2 drug label. - [SLU-PP-332](https://pepsmart.net/library/slu-pp-332): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SLU-PP-332 drug label. - [Tesofensine](https://pepsmart.net/library/tesofensine): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. ### Nootropic (33) - [Adrafinil](https://pepsmart.net/library/adrafinil): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved adrafinil drug label. - [Alpha-GPC](https://pepsmart.net/library/alpha-gpc): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved alpha-GPC drug label in the US. - [Aniracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/aniracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved aniracetam drug label. - [Armodafinil](https://pepsmart.net/library/armodafinil): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Nuvigil). - [Ashwagandha](https://pepsmart.net/library/ashwagandha): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ashwagandha drug label. - [Bacopa monnieri](https://pepsmart.net/library/bacopa-monnieri): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Bacopa drug label. - [Bromantane](https://pepsmart.net/library/bromantane): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved bromantane drug label. - [CDP-Choline](https://pepsmart.net/library/cdp-choline): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved citicoline drug label in the US. - [Centrophenoxine](https://pepsmart.net/library/centrophenoxine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved centrophenoxine drug label. - [Coluracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/coluracetam): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved coluracetam drug label. - [Fasoracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/fasoracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved fasoracetam drug label. - [Huperzine A](https://pepsmart.net/library/huperzine-a): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved huperzine A drug label. - [Idebenone](https://pepsmart.net/library/idebenone): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved idebenone drug label. - [Lion's mane](https://pepsmart.net/library/lions-mane): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved lion's mane drug label. - [Methylene blue](https://pepsmart.net/library/methylene-blue): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Provayblue) for acquired methemoglobinemia. - [Modafinil](https://pepsmart.net/library/modafinil): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Provigil). - [N-Acetyl Selank Amidate](https://pepsmart.net/library/n-acetyl-selank-amidate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved N-acetyl Selank amidate drug label. - [N-Acetyl Semax Amidate](https://pepsmart.net/library/n-acetyl-semax-amidate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved N-acetyl Semax amidate drug label. - [Nefiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/nefiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved nefiracetam drug label. - [NMN](https://pepsmart.net/library/nmn): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NMN drug label. - [Noopept](https://pepsmart.net/library/noopept): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved noopept drug label. - [NR](https://pepsmart.net/library/nr): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved NR drug label. - [Oxiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/oxiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved oxiracetam drug label. - [Phenibut](https://pepsmart.net/library/phenibut): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved phenibut drug label. - [Phenylpiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/phenylpiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved phenylpiracetam drug label. - [Piracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/piracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved piracetam drug label in the US. - [PQQ](https://pepsmart.net/library/pqq): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PQQ drug label. - [Pramiracetam](https://pepsmart.net/library/pramiracetam): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved pramiracetam drug label. - [Rhodiola rosea](https://pepsmart.net/library/rhodiola-rosea): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Rhodiola drug label. - [Selegiline](https://pepsmart.net/library/selegiline): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication. - [Sulbutiamine](https://pepsmart.net/library/sulbutiamine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved sulbutiamine drug label in the US. - [Tianeptine](https://pepsmart.net/library/tianeptine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved tianeptine drug label. - [Vinpocetine](https://pepsmart.net/library/vinpocetine): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved vinpocetine drug label in the US. ### Recovery (20) - [ARA-290](https://pepsmart.net/library/ara-290): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ARA-290 / cibinetide drug label. - [BPC-157](https://pepsmart.net/library/bpc-157): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved drug label for human use. - [FGL](https://pepsmart.net/library/fgl): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved FGL drug label. - [FOXO4-DRI](https://pepsmart.net/library/foxo4-dri): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved FOXO4-DRI drug label. - [GHK-Cu](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghk-cu): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved injectable GHK-Cu drug label. - [GLPG0492](https://pepsmart.net/library/glpg-0492): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GLPG0492 drug label. - [Goralatide](https://pepsmart.net/library/goralatide): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Ac-SDKP / goralatide drug label. - [GSK2881078](https://pepsmart.net/library/gsk-2881078): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GSK2881078 drug label. - [KPV](https://pepsmart.net/library/kpv): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved KPV drug label. - [Larazotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/larazotide): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational. - [LGD-4033](https://pepsmart.net/library/lgd-4033): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LGD-4033 drug label. - [LL-37](https://pepsmart.net/library/ll-37): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LL-37 drug label. - [MK-2866](https://pepsmart.net/library/mk-2866): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved MK-2866 drug label. - [PEG-MGF](https://pepsmart.net/library/peg-mgf): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PEG-MGF drug label. - [Pentadeca Arginate](https://pepsmart.net/library/pentadeca-arginate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Pentadeca Arginate drug label. - [RAD-140](https://pepsmart.net/library/rad-140): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved RAD-140 drug label. - [RAD-150](https://pepsmart.net/library/rad-150): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved RAD-150 drug label. - [TB-500](https://pepsmart.net/library/tb-500): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved TB-500 drug label. - [Thymosin Beta-4](https://pepsmart.net/library/thymosin-beta-4): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved injectable thymosin beta-4 drug label. - [YK-11](https://pepsmart.net/library/yk-11): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved YK-11 drug label. ### Reproductive (9) - [Cetrorelix](https://pepsmart.net/library/cetrorelix): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Cetrotide). - [Degarelix](https://pepsmart.net/library/degarelix): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Firmagon). - [Gonadorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/gonadorelin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved human gonadorelin drug label is attached to this library entry. - [Goserelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/goserelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Zoladex). - [hCG](https://pepsmart.net/library/hcg): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Pregnyl, Novarel). - [Kisspeptin-10](https://pepsmart.net/library/kisspeptin-10): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved kisspeptin-10 drug label. - [Leuprolide](https://pepsmart.net/library/leuprolide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Lupron Depot, Eligard). - [Nafarelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/nafarelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Synarel). - [Triptorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/triptorelin): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Trelstar). ### SARM (24) - [AC-262356](https://pepsmart.net/library/ac-262356): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved AC-262356 drug label. - [ACP-105](https://pepsmart.net/library/acp-105): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ACP-105 drug label. - [BMS-564929](https://pepsmart.net/library/bms-564929): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved BMS-564929 drug label. - [GLPG0492](https://pepsmart.net/library/glpg-0492): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GLPG0492 drug label. - [GSK2881078](https://pepsmart.net/library/gsk-2881078): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GSK2881078 drug label. - [GW-501516](https://pepsmart.net/library/gw-501516): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved GW-501516 drug label. - [JNJ-28330835](https://pepsmart.net/library/jnj-28330835): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved JNJ-28330835 drug label. - [LGD-2226](https://pepsmart.net/library/lgd-2226): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LGD-2226 drug label. - [LGD-2941](https://pepsmart.net/library/lgd-2941): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LGD-2941 drug label. - [LGD-3303](https://pepsmart.net/library/lgd-3303): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LGD-3303 drug label. - [LGD-4033](https://pepsmart.net/library/lgd-4033): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved LGD-4033 drug label. - [MK-0773](https://pepsmart.net/library/mk-0773): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved MK-0773 drug label. - [MK-2866](https://pepsmart.net/library/mk-2866): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved MK-2866 drug label. - [OPK-88004](https://pepsmart.net/library/opk-88004): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved OPK-88004 drug label. - [PF-06260414](https://pepsmart.net/library/pf-06260414): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved PF-06260414 drug label. - [RAD-140](https://pepsmart.net/library/rad-140): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved RAD-140 drug label. - [RAD-150](https://pepsmart.net/library/rad-150): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved RAD-150 drug label. - [S-101479](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-101479): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-101479 drug label. - [S-23](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-23): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-23 drug label. - [S-4](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-4): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-4 drug label. - [S-40503](https://pepsmart.net/library/s-40503): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved S-40503 drug label. - [SR9009](https://pepsmart.net/library/sr9009): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SR9009 drug label. - [TFM-4AS-1](https://pepsmart.net/library/tfm-4as-1): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved TFM-4AS-1 drug label. - [YK-11](https://pepsmart.net/library/yk-11): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved YK-11 drug label. ### Sexual Health (2) - [Aviptadil](https://pepsmart.net/library/aviptadil): human evidence; investigational verified; Investigational in the United States. - [PT-141](https://pepsmart.net/library/pt-141): human evidence; label verified; FDA/DailyMed label reference exists for Vyleesi in premenopausal women with acquired, generalized HSDD; it is not indicated for men, postmenopausal women, or sexual-performance enhancement. ### Skin/Hair (6) - [Afamelanotide](https://pepsmart.net/library/afamelanotide): human evidence; label verified; FDA-approved prescription medication (Scenesse). - [Argireline](https://pepsmart.net/library/argireline): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Argireline drug label. - [GHK-Cu](https://pepsmart.net/library/ghk-cu): translational evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved injectable GHK-Cu drug label. - [Matrixyl](https://pepsmart.net/library/matrixyl): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Matrixyl drug label. - [Melanotan II](https://pepsmart.net/library/melanotan-ii): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved Melanotan II drug label. - [SNAP-8](https://pepsmart.net/library/snap-8): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved SNAP-8 drug label. ### Sleep (3) - [DSIP](https://pepsmart.net/library/dsip): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved DSIP/emideltide drug label. - [Ipamorelin](https://pepsmart.net/library/ipamorelin): human evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved ipamorelin drug label. - [N-Acetyl Selank Amidate](https://pepsmart.net/library/n-acetyl-selank-amidate): preclinical evidence; research reference; No FDA-approved N-acetyl Selank amidate drug label. ## Interpretation guidance - Treat dose, schedule, route, storage, and stack fields as educational references, not instructions or recommendations. - Research-reference compounds may lack FDA-approved labels and may rely on preclinical, translational, or community-cited evidence. Each entry flags its evidence posture explicitly. - All cited research links resolve to PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, DailyMed, FDA, accessdata.fda.gov, WADA, USADA, CDC, NIH, ODS-NIH, Cochrane, WHO, or PubChem. - Article reading times are calibrated to actual word count at 200 words-per-minute careful reading. - User-entered dose logs, symptoms, vial data, wearable connection records, imported activity rows, messages, notifications, and account data are private app data and are not part of public crawler guidance. ## Optional - [Sitemap](https://pepsmart.net/sitemap.xml): full machine-readable URL list with lastmod and image entries. - [Robots policy](https://pepsmart.net/robots.txt): crawler allow/disallow rules including explicit AI-crawler entries. - [AI usage policy](https://pepsmart.net/ai.txt): training, search, and citation posture for AI engines. - [Terms of service](https://pepsmart.net/terms) - [Privacy policy](https://pepsmart.net/privacy)